Metal Type
Each metal has a different base fluidity and solidification range. Cast iron is the most fluid; steel is the least.
Pouring Temperature
600°C900°C
Temperature of the molten metal at the pouring cup. Higher superheat increases fluidity and flow distance.
Mold Material
Mold material governs how fast heat is extracted from the flowing metal. Metal molds chill fastest.
Pouring Speed
Faster pouring delivers more heat to the channel and delays solidification, increasing flow distance.
Surface Roughness
Rough channel walls increase friction and reduce flow distance due to greater heat loss at the contact surface.
Channel Thickness
Thicker channels have a lower surface-area-to-volume ratio, reducing heat loss per unit length and improving fluidity.